The Gerontologist Advance Access published online on July 2, 2009
The Gerontologist, doi:10.1093/geront/gnp093
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Nursing Aides' Attitudes to Elder Abuse in Nursing Homes: The Effect of Work Stressors and Burnout
2 School of Social Work, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Israel
3 Department of Gerontology, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Israel
1 Address correspondence to Miri Cohen, PhD, Department of Gerontology, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel. E-mail: cohenm{at}research.haifa.ac.il
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Abstract |
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Background: Nursing aides’ attitudes condoning elder abuse are a possible risk factor for executing abusive behaviors against elder residents of long-term care facilities but have been studied infrequently. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess nursing aides’ attitudes that condone abusive behaviors toward elderly people, as well as the relationship of these attitudes to demographic variables, work stressors (role conflict, role ambiguity, and work overload), burnout, and perceived control, based on the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1988, Attitudes, personality and behavior. Milton Keynes: Open University Press) Design and Methods: Two hundred and eight nursing aides from 18 nursing homes in Israel completed demographic, work stressors, burnout, and perceived control questionnaires and a case vignette questionnaire to test attitudes condoning elder abuse. Results: The mean score of the attitudes condoning abusive behaviors was relatively high at 3.24 (SD = 0.59) on a 1–4 scale. Condoning abusive behaviors were closely associated with higher levels of work stressors, burnout, and low income. Multiple regression analyses revealed that demographic variables, work stressors, burnout, and perceived control explained 12% of the variance of condoning abusive behaviors among the nursing aides. Of these, role ambiguity, role conflict, and burnout were significantly associated with attitudes condoning abusive behaviors. In addition, burnout partially mediated the relationship between work stressors and attitudes condoning elder abuse. Conclusions: As nursing aides’ attitudes condoning elder abuse may influence their actual behaviors, training and supervision programs should be developed to reduce work stressors and burnout and to modify these attitudes.
Keywords: Attitudes toward elder abuse, Long-term facilities, Work stressors, Burnout, Theory of planned behavior
Received December 21, 2008; Accepted March 30, 2009